Posts categoriezed as Network
General Network
SONET Payload Overhead Sheet
When working with SONET you must always remember that the bandwidth you think you will receive (Line Rate) is actually not the bandwidth you will be able to push through (Payload Bandwidth) due to overhead in the signaling protocol. Below is a table I made that describes throughput rates:
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SONET/SDH Designations and bandwidths |
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| SONET Optical Carrier level | SONET frame format | SDH level and frame format | Line Rate | Overhead | Payload Bandwidth | |
| OC-1 | STS-1 | STM-0 |
51.840 Mbps |
1.728 Mbps |
50.112 Mbps |
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| OC-3 | STS-3 | STM-1 |
155.520 Mbps |
6.912 Mbps |
148.608 Mbps |
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| OC-12 | STS-12 | STM-4 |
622.080 Mbps |
20.736 Mbps |
601.344 Mbps |
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| OC-24 | STS-24 | – |
1.244160 Gbps |
41.472 Mbps |
1.202208 Gbps |
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| OC-48 | STS-48 | STM-16 |
2.488320 Gbps |
82.944 Mbps |
2.405376 Gbps |
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| OC-192 | STS-192 | STM-64 |
9.953280 Gbps |
442.368 Mbps |
9.510912 Gbps |
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| OC-768 | STS-768 | STM-256 |
39.813120 Gbps |
1.327104 Gbps |
38.486016 Gbps |
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Optical Networks
Network Tools To Use
Network guys need tools to help them out during the hectic days….I’ve compiled a list of good tools that a network engineer should have to make the job easier.
Mac Tools
- HomeBrew
- brew cask install <see below>
- pycharm-ce
- sublime-text
- iterm2
- wireshark
- wireshark-chmodbpf
- brew install <see below>
- ansible
- cdpr
- git
- hashcat
- iperf
- lldpd
- nmap
- python
- python3
- subnetcalc
- tcptraceroute
- telnet
- wireshark
- wget
- tree
- brew cask install <see below>
- tcpping (see blog for file and installation instructions)
- OmniGraffle Pro (for creating Visio Diagrams)
- Virtualization (Choose one below)
Windows Tools
- Putty
- TeraTerm
- mRemoteNG
- Cywgin
- Virtualization (Choose one below)
- Console
- Visio (for creating Diagrams)
Linux Tools
- ipcalc (install via yum)
- Virtualization (Choose one below)
Mac / Linux / Windows Tools
Open EIGRP…Why Bother?
So Cisco apparently is releasing Open Standards based EIGRP.
Of course there is a catch…if you want certain functions (stub, areas, etc…) you have to go Cisco for said enhancements.
Anyways would love to hear what people think here.
Is another routing protocol worth it? How much effort do you think the industry will put into place to have things just work nicely?
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Network
Palo Alto (PA-200) Initial Thoughts
I got my PA-200 at home last night and played around with it.
To me it feels like the GUI intuition of an ASA and the CLI of JunOS combined into one (best of both worlds).
So granted I turned on all functionality in the lab but that’s running for a total of 4 people so I can’t see load stress tests but it works really well!
Pros I can see right off the bat in the environment:
- Does URL Filtering (Cost Savings and management savings overhead reduction)
- USER-ID gives you much more granularity about user utilization
- APP-ID gives you information about app signatures and security utilization.
- Spyware/Malware/AV/URL protection at the network level
- Simple to figure out if you know ASA/JunOS configurations
- IPS capabilities
- Simplifying management can give you a great ROI potential
- Many other features
Concerns are:
- All in one devices…I have yet to have “good luck” with all in one devices. I’ll be trying to generate a packet flood scenario in the home lab to see what load looks like with all features turned on shortly. It won’t be 100% real world but with the tools I have it’s the closest I can get. I’ll also try to find some lab results accordingly.
I will be setting up a new lab between my ASA, SRX, and PA shortly to do some testing and configuration example during my free time…and of course will be sharing it out to followers accordingly.
Stay tuned!
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