Posts authored by Senad
General Network
SONET Payload Overhead Sheet
When working with SONET you must always remember that the bandwidth you think you will receive (Line Rate) is actually not the bandwidth you will be able to push through (Payload Bandwidth) due to overhead in the signaling protocol. Below is a table I made that describes throughput rates:
SONET/SDH Designations and bandwidths |
||||||
SONET Optical Carrier level | SONET frame format | SDH level and frame format | Line Rate | Overhead | Payload Bandwidth | |
OC-1 | STS-1 | STM-0 |
51.840 Mbps |
1.728 Mbps |
50.112 Mbps |
|
OC-3 | STS-3 | STM-1 |
155.520 Mbps |
6.912 Mbps |
148.608 Mbps |
|
OC-12 | STS-12 | STM-4 |
622.080 Mbps |
20.736 Mbps |
601.344 Mbps |
|
OC-24 | STS-24 | – |
1.244160 Gbps |
41.472 Mbps |
1.202208 Gbps |
|
OC-48 | STS-48 | STM-16 |
2.488320 Gbps |
82.944 Mbps |
2.405376 Gbps |
|
OC-192 | STS-192 | STM-64 |
9.953280 Gbps |
442.368 Mbps |
9.510912 Gbps |
|
OC-768 | STS-768 | STM-256 |
39.813120 Gbps |
1.327104 Gbps |
38.486016 Gbps |
Optical Networks
CentOS 7.x
CentOS 6.x
CentOS
Installing Smokeping On CentOS 5.x and 6.x
Prep your server
- Step 1: Disable SELinux
shell> setenforce 0
- Step 2: Install rpmforge
shell> yum install http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
- Step 3: Install Required Packages
shell> yum install mod_fcgid httpd httpd-devel rrdtool fping wget curl bind-utils gcc make gcc-c++
- Step 4: Install Perl based packages
shell> yum install perl perl-Net-Telnet perl-Net-DNS perl-LDAP perl-libwww-perl perl-RadiusPerl perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-Socket6 perl-CGI-SpeedyCGI perl-FCGI perl-RRD-Simple perl-CGI-SpeedCGI perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker
Install Apache
- Step 1: Install Apache and ensure it runs on startup
shell> yum install httpdshell> chkconfig httpd onshell> /etc/init.d/httpd start
Install Smokeping
- Step 1: Download latest version of smokeping on website at http://oss.oetiker.ch/smokeping/pub
shell> wget http://oss.oetiker.ch/smokeping/pub/smokeping-2.6.9.tar.gz
- Step 2: Extract and install smokeping
shell> tar -zxvf smokeping-2.6.9.tar.gz -C /opt/
shell> mkdir /opt/smokeping
shell> cd /opt/smokeping-2.6.9/setup
shell> ./build-perl-modules.sh
shell> cp -r ../thirdparty /opt/smokeping/
shell> cd ..
shell> ./configure –prefix=/opt/smokeping
shell> make install
- Step 3: Create missing folders needed
shell> cd /opt/smokepingshell> mkdir datashell> mkdir var
- Step 4: Add Smokeping Start/Stop Script
shell> wget https://pingpros.com/pub/smokepingshell> mv smokeping /etc/init.d/smokepingshell> chmod 755 /etc/init.d/smokeping
Configure Smokeping Application
- Step 1: Rename Config Files and set file permissions
shell> cd /opt/smokeping/etc/
shell> for foo in *.dist; do cp $foo `basename $foo .dist`; done
shell> chmod 600 /opt/smokeping/etc/smokeping_secrets.dist
- Step 2: Change Default Config
shell> cd /opt/smokeping/etc/
shell> vim config
Change the values in bold to something that fit your needsowner = Peter Random
contact = some@address.nowhere
mailhost = my.mail.host
sendmail = /usr/sbin/sendmail
# NOTE: do not put the Image Cache below cgi-bin
# since all files under cgi-bin will be executed … this is not
# good for images.
imgcache = /opt/smokeping/cache
imgurl = cache
datadir = /opt/smokeping/data
piddir = /opt/smokeping/var
cgiurl = http://some.url/smokeping.cgi
smokemail = /opt/smokeping/etc/smokemail.dist
tmail = /opt/smokeping/etc/tmail.distHere is an example change in boldowner = PingPros.com
contact = something@pingpros.com
mailhost = mail.pingpros.com
sendmail = /usr/sbin/sendmail
# NOTE: do not put the Image Cache below cgi-bin
# since all files under cgi-bin will be executed … this is not
# good for images.
imgcache = /opt/smokeping/cache
imgurl = /cache
datadir = /opt/smokeping/data
piddir = /opt/smokeping/var
cgiurl = http://(IP or Hostname)/cgi-bin/smokeping.fcgi
smokemail = /opt/smokeping/etc/smokemail.dist
tmail = /opt/smokeping/etc/tmail.dist
- Step 3: Copy Smokeping files into web server
shell> cp -r /opt/smokeping/htdocs/cropper /var/www/cgi-bin/shell> cp /opt/smokeping/htdocs/smokeping.fcgi.dist /var/www/cgi-bin/smokeping.fcgishell> cd /var/www/html/shell> mkdir cacheshell> chown apache cacheshell> ln -s /var/www/html/cache /opt/smokeping/cache
- Step 4: Start Smokeping
shell> /etc/init.d/httpd startshell> /etc/init.d/smokeping start
- Step 5: Test Smokeping Link for errors
- Visit the cgi-url you configured above. IE: cgiurl = http://(IP or Hostname)/cgi-bin/smokeping.fcgi
- Step6: Clean Up Smokeping Installation Files
shell> rm -rf /opt/smokeping-2.6.9
- Enable smokeping to start during boot
shell> chkconfig –add smokepingshell> chkconfig httpd onshell> chkconfig smokeping on
Install TCPPing and Change TCPPing/FPing Intervals – Recommended
- Install TCPTraceroute
shell> yum install tcptraceroute
- Install TCPPing
shell> cd /usr/bin/
shell> wget https://pingpros.com/pub/tcpping
shell> chmod 755 tcpping
- Configure Probe into Smokeping
shell> vim /opt/smokeping/etc/config
Add Below under *** Probes *** (note: I prefer setting it up to ping every 60 second interval in this example…FPING will already be there just add the step = 60 configlet)
+ FPing
binary = /usr/sbin/fping
step = 60+ TCPPing
binary = /usr/bin/tcpping
step = 60
- Restart smkeping to use new config
shell> /etc/init.d/smokeping restart
Configure Smokeping to monitoring your targets
- Step 1: Add your own hosts in the config file
shell> vim /opt/smokeping/etc/configExample config file below in bold*** Targets ***probe = FPingmenu = Toptitle = Network Latency Grapherremark = Welcome to the SmokePing website of PingPros. \Here you will learn all about the latency of our network.+ Targetsmenu = Networktitle = Ping Network Equipment++ rchicago1menu = ChicagoR1title =Chicago Router 1
host = 10.1.1.1++ schicago1menu = ChicagoS1title = Chicago Switch 1
probe = TCPPingport = 80host = 10.1.1.254
- Restart smkeping to use new config
shell> /etc/init.d/smokeping restart
NOTE ABOVE: rchicago1 is using FPing by default as is configured to be the default, schicago1 is using TCPPING because we specified it. It is recommended to utilize TCPPING whenever possible! It is also best practice to put in the probe parameters for each host!
END OF TUTORIAL
TCPPING – http://www.vdberg.org/~richard/tcpping
Smokeping – http://oss.oetiker.ch/smokeping/
Linux
Network Tools To Use
Network guys need tools to help them out during the hectic days….I’ve compiled a list of good tools that a network engineer should have to make the job easier.
Mac Tools
- HomeBrew
- brew cask install <see below>
- pycharm-ce
- sublime-text
- iterm2
- wireshark
- wireshark-chmodbpf
- brew install <see below>
- ansible
- cdpr
- git
- hashcat
- iperf
- lldpd
- nmap
- python
- python3
- subnetcalc
- tcptraceroute
- telnet
- wireshark
- wget
- tree
- brew cask install <see below>
- tcpping (see blog for file and installation instructions)
- OmniGraffle Pro (for creating Visio Diagrams)
- Virtualization (Choose one below)
Windows Tools
- Putty
- TeraTerm
- mRemoteNG
- Cywgin
- Virtualization (Choose one below)
- Console
- Visio (for creating Diagrams)
Linux Tools
- ipcalc (install via yum)
- Virtualization (Choose one below)
Mac / Linux / Windows Tools